Route royale 1 (Guadeloupe)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Route royale 1 (Homonymie). 

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Route royale 1 (Guadeloupe)De la Basse-Terre à la Pointe-à-Pitre
Localisation
Pays	France
Région	Guadeloupe
Département	Guadeloupe (971)
Caractéristiques de 1819 à 1841
Itinéraire	La Basse-Terre - La Pointe-à-Pitre
Longueur	67 km

Présentation

• La Route royale 1 (Guadeloupe) est une ancienne route royale française qui reliait la Basse-Terre à la Pointe-à-Pitre.
• C'était la route principale de la colonie. Elle reliait la Guadeloupe proprement dite à la Grande-Terre, en desservant au passage toute la côte-au-vent qui était la partie la plus riche de la colonie.

Historique

• A l'origine, la route royale n° 1 se terminait à la Pointe Jarry, dans la paroisse de la Baie-Mahault, où on devait embarquer sur une gabarre pour rejoindre la Grande-Terre près du Morne Renfermé, dans la paroisse des Abymes. Quand les conditions de mer étaient favorables, certains voyageurs préféraient d'ailleurs s'arrêter au Petit-Bourg et y embarquer sur un bateau, plutôt que de perdre du temps à contourner le fond du Petit Cul-de-Sac.
• En 1766, le gouverneur de Nolivos décide de modifier l'extrémité de la route, d'une part pour des raisons militaires (il fallait pouvoir maintenir la liaison entre les deux parties de la colonie en temps de guerre) et, d'autre part, pour des raisons de sécurité car la traversée maritime n'était pas toujours facile du fait de la houle et les accidents n'étaient pas rares. Le nouveau tracé traverse la Rivière Salée par un bac et il aboutit aux Abymes sur le grand chemin de la Pointe d'Antigue.
• Lorsque l'administration coloniale française se remet en place après une longue période d'occupation anglaise sous l'Empire, l'ordonnance coloniale du 13 mars 1819 redéfinit la route royale n° 1 comme la route de la Basse-Terre à la Pointe-à-Pitre. Grâce à l'activité de son port, la ville nouvelle construite au Morne-Renformé avait en effet rapidement dépassé en importance le vieux bourg des Abymes.
• La route n° 1 a régulièrement absorbé une partie très significative du budget de la colonie pour son entretien et son amélioration. Le tracé a été rectifié à plusieurs reprises pour atténuer les pentes et faciliter le franchissement des rivières. Des ponts ont été construits sur les plus importantes d'entre elles pour pouvoir assurer la circulation en tout temps (les moins importantes continuaient à être franchies à gué) mais ces ouvrages ont toujours eu une durée de vie assez courte, du fait des matériaux disponibles et des conditions climatiques. Ainsi, le "beau pont" de Capesterre, construit entièrement en maçonnerie pour un coût très élevé, a été détruit lors du cyclone du 26 juillet 1825 alors qu'il était quasiment neuf.
• En 1841, elle devient la route coloniale n° 1, ou RC 1 (971).

Localisation

Chargement de la carte...

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELa Basse-Terre\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"La Basse-Terre\n","link":"","lat":15.996535,"lon":-61.731668,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoulin Saint-Jean (ou Pointe Jarry)\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Moulin Saint-Jean (ou Pointe Jarry)\n","link":"","lat":16.232252,"lon":-61.5477,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELes Abymes, redoute Stivenson\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Les Abymes, redoute Stivenson\n","link":"","lat":16.24669,"lon":-61.533711,"icon":""}]}

Légende de la carte ou du tableau
En rouge	Tracé devenu la RC 1 en 1841.
En jaune	Tracé rectifié localement.
Notes	Plusieurs anciens tracés n'ont pas été identifiés précisément, en particulier pour le franchissement des principales rivières (les ponts successifs n'ont pas toujours été construits sur l'emplacement des gués originels ou des ponts précédents).
Pour plus d'informations sur les sources cartographiques, consulter cet article.
La carte ne s'affiche pas ? Merci d'éditer l'article et de le sauvegarder sans aucune modification.

Détail du parcours

• Guadeloupe (971) - N1
  • La Basse-Terre
    • Le Carmel
    • Saint-Charles
    • Le Walkanaërs
    • Le Dos-d'Âne
  • Les Trois-Rivières
    • Dolé
    • Le Bourg
    • Bananier
  • La Capesterre
    • Saint-Sauveur
    • Le Marigot
    • Sainte-Marie
  • La Petite-Goyave
  • Le Petit-Bourg
    • Habitation Trinité CD2 (Anciennement Gc2)
  • La Baie-Mahault
    • D'Estrelland
    • La Rivière Salée  Bac
  • Les Abymes N5 N4

Notes et références

 Outre-Mer     Guadeloupe