Route nationale française 426

Route nationale 426
Flèche Michelin se trouvant sur la N426 à Niedernai (restaurée en juillet 2018).© Bas-rhin67
Localisation
Pays	France
Région	Grand Est
Caractéristiques de 1933 à 1939
Itinéraire	Le Hohwald - Obernai - Erstein - Le Rhin
Longueur	48,6 km
Caractéristiques de 1945 à 1967
Itinéraire	Le Hohwald - Obernai - Erstein - Le Rhin
Longueur	48,6 km
Caractéristiques de 1967 à 1972
Itinéraire	Le Hohwald - Obernai - Erstein - Gerstheim
Longueur	47,9 km

Présentation

• La route nationale 426, ou RN426, est une ancienne route nationale française qui reliait Le Hohwald au Rhin, à hauteur de Gerstheim.

Historique

Généralités

• A sa création, en 1933, elle est définie comme la route du Hohwald au Rhin par Obernai. Elle est issue :
  • du chemin vicinal d'intérêt commun n° 154, ou Ic154 (67), entre le Hohwald et la route d'accès à Sainte-Odile ;
  • du chemin vicinal d'intérêt commun n° 11^A, ou Ic11^A (67), entre la route d'accès à Saint-Odile et la ferme du Totenbreitel, au Nord du village de Niedernai, classé en 1919 ;
  • du chemin vicinal d'intérêt commun n° 2^B, ou Ic2^B (67), entre Niedernai et Gerstheim, classé en 1919 ;
  • d'un court tronçon de 600 mètres environ du chemin vicinal d'intérêt commun n° 124^E, ou Ic124^E (67), à Gerstheim jusqu'au Rhin (tronçon en grande partie disparu depuis la construction du Grand Canal d'Alsace).
• Elle possédait deux annexes, la N426^A et la N426^B.
• Elle fut déclassée en 1972 en RD426.
• Comme pour de nombreuses autres routes nationales en Alsace, le problème de la frontière franco-allemande et du passage du Rhin fut crucial dans le tracé de la RN426.
• Elle débouchait à Gerstheim au lieu-dit Le Bord du Rhin, où se situait autrefois un passage de bac ou un pont de bateaux (en témoignent les constructions des anciennes douanes et quelques maisons de part et d'autre du fleuve).

Flèche Michelin se trouvant à Erstein. © Bas-rhin67‎

• Les relations entre les deux pays ayant été ce qu'elles étaient au cours de la première partie du XX^e siècle (guerres de 1870-1871, 1914-1918 puis 1939-1945) ce passage avait été abandonné. C'est ainsi qu'au moment de la nationalisation de la route, vers 1930, celle-ci s'arrêtait net au Rhin, ainsi que la N419 ou la N424, faute de franchissement de celui-ci par un pont.
• Après la guerre, il est indiqué un passage très endommagé sur une carte Michelin 57 de 1947 au franchissement du Rhin. Le bac de Gerstheim-Ottenheim semble n'avoir été rétabli qu'en 1961 au moyen d'un pont provisoire limité à 1,5 tonnes.
• La construction du barrage EDF de Gerstheim en 1967 offrit un franchissement permanent du fleuve et permit enfin un aménagement transfrontalier convenable.

Aménagements

• Déviation d'Obernai : 1972 à l'Est, doublée en 1988, et 1978 à l'Ouest.
• Déviation d'Erstein : 1993.
• Liaison entre Krafft et le barrage de Gerstheim : 1981.
• Franchissement du Rhin : 1967.

Autour de la route

• Le Mont Sainte-Odile.
• Château d'Hagel.
• Châteaux d'Ottrott.
• Ville d'Obernai.
• Sucreries d'Erstein.

Tracé historique

Chargement de la carte...

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EObernai-Totenbreitel\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Obernai-Totenbreitel\n","link":"","strokeColor":"#F30A2B","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"5","pos":[{"lat":48.461825,"lon":7.486995},{"lat":48.461524,"lon":7.488102},{"lat":48.460941,"lon":7.489706},{"lat":48.460084,"lon":7.4932},{"lat":48.459226,"lon":7.498626},{"lat":48.458903,"lon":7.50285},{"lat":48.45898,"lon":7.507301},{"lat":48.458687,"lon":7.511103},{"lat":48.458704,"lon":7.513798},{"lat":48.458629,"lon":7.514647},{"lat":48.45846,"lon":7.515312},{"lat":48.458029,"lon":7.516075},{"lat":48.457873,"lon":7.516509},{"lat":48.457724,"lon":7.517413},{"lat":48.457589,"lon":7.517566},{"lat":48.455945,"lon":7.517074}]},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETronc commun avec la N425 \u00e0 Niedernai\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Tronc commun avec la N425 \u00e0 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETronc commun avec la N68\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Tronc commun avec la N68\n","link":"","strokeColor":"#F412F1","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"5","pos":[{"lat":48.40435,"lon":7.698684},{"lat":48.407412,"lon":7.698519},{"lat":48.40875,"lon":7.699721},{"lat":48.41046,"lon":7.703369},{"lat":48.411685,"lon":7.704828}]},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EN68 - Gerstheim\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"N68 - Gerstheim\n","link":"","strokeColor":"#F30A2B","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"5","pos":[{"lat":48.40435,"lon":7.698684},{"lat":48.388977,"lon":7.719396}]},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETrac\u00e9 d\u00e9class\u00e9 lors de la construction du Grand Canal d'Alsace\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Trac\u00e9 d\u00e9class\u00e9 lors de la construction du Grand Canal 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Légende de la carte ou du tableau
En rouge	Tracé de 1933 à 1972.
En orange	Ancien tracé jusqu'au Bord du Rhin, déclassé lors de la construction du Grand Canal d'Alsace.
En jaune	Nouveau tracé jusqu'à la frontière allemande aménagé après le déclassement.
En violet	Tronc commun avec les RN422, 425 et 68.
Pour plus d'informations sur les sources cartographiques, consulter cet article.
La carte ne s'affiche pas ? Merci d'éditer l'article et de le sauvegarder sans aucune modification.

• Bas-Rhin (67) / Collectivité européenne d'Alsace - D426
  • D425 Le Hohwald Les Quatre Pierres, Grand Hôtel, Villa Le Bois-Joli
  •   10%
  • Barr
    • Welschbruch La Kirneck D130
    • Carrefour de la Breitmatt
    •  Col du Kinberg (712m)  
    • Carrefour de la Bloss   D854
    • Grotte des Druides (Mur des Païens)
  • Ottrott
    • Mont-Sainte-Odile D526
    •   Saegmuehlrain
    • Château de Birkenfels
    • Saegmuehlmaettel Dimpfelbach
    • Château de Dreistein Stèle du Lancaster Fullochbach
    • Hagelschloss
    • Vorbrück Vorbach D214
    • L'Ehn
    • Eichwaeldel  
    • Kupferhammer
    • Ottrott-le-Bas Châteaux D35
  • Obernai Nombreux Monuments
    • Roedel
    • Obernai-Centre D422 (déviée par le sud)
    • Les Champs Verts   D422
    • Europe Sud  
    •  
    • Kirchbuehl  D500
  • Niedernai
    • Totenbreitel
  •  A35 E25   11 
    •   D1422
    • Niedernai-Village
  • Meistratzheim
    • Meistratzheim-Village L'Ehn  
    • Langgraben
  • Schaeffersheim
    • Neugraben
    • La Scheer
    • Winkelfeld
    • Schaeffersheim-Village
  • Erstein
    •     (x4)
    • Erstein-Gare  Gare d'Erstein D83
    • Erstein-Centre Église Saint-Martin, Musée Würth (déviée par le sud)
    •  
    • Hameau des Trois Rivières L'Ill
    • Bleiche  
    • Canal de décharge de l'Ill
    • Tuilerie Sud La Zembs
    • Striegel   D468
    • D52 Canal d'Alimentation de l'Ill
    • Grand Canal d'Alsace
    • Barrage EDF de Gerstheim
    • Le Bord du Rhin (Île) Le Rhin
• Allemagne - L 100 (après 1967)