Échangeur

Définition

• Un échangeur est un croisement dénivelé sur lequel les transferts de trafic sont séparés les uns des autres et sont assurés par des bretelles autoroutières affectées à cet effet.
• En pratique, les carrefours giratoires sont abusivement désignés comme des échangeurs.

Différence entre bifurcation, croisement et diffuseur

• Diffuseur : Croisement dénivelé entre une autoroute et une route ordinaire.
• Échangeur autoroutier : Croisement dénivelé entre une autoroute et autre autoroute (ou éventuellement une grande voie express). Il y a deux catégories d'échangeurs autoroutiers : les bifurcations et les croix autoroutières.
• Bifurcation : Échangeur entre autoroutes de forme "Y" ou de "T".
• Croix (ou croisement) : Échangeur entre autoroutes de forme "X", similaire au croisement en trèfle.

Numérotation des échangeurs

• Il existe deux systèmes de numérotation des échangeurs :
  • La plus courante est la numérotation séquentielle : le principe est de numéroter les échangeurs de 1 en 1. Pour les échangeurs intermédiaires, on ajoute soit une lettre (a, b, etc.), soit un chiffre (.1, .2, etc.).
  • Pour la numérotation kilométrique, le principe est de numéroter les échangeurs en fonction du point kilométrique.

Pays	Numérotation séquentielle	Numérotation kilométrique	Absence de numérotation
Allemagne	X
Autriche		X
Belgique	X
Danemark	X
Espagne	X	X
France	X
Hongrie		X
Irlande	X
Italie	X		Dans la majorité des cas
Luxembourg	X
Pays-Bas	X
Portugal	X
République tchèque		X
Royaume-Uni	X
Suisse	X
USA		X

• En France, seuls les diffuseurs autoroutiers (voir définition) sont numérotés. L'ordre de numérotation des diffuseurs, se fait, en règle générale, par ordre croissant depuis Paris (en fait à partir du Boulevard Périphérique) vers la Province, sans s'occuper du nom et du statut de la voie, avec continuité de la numérotation entre les autoroutes et les routes express. Néanmoins, en pratique, cela se révèle beaucoup plus complexe.

Questions sur les échangeurs

• La numérotation des diffuseurs est-elle réservée aux autoroutes et routes express ? Et plus précisément, la règlementation interdit-elle de numéroter un diffuseur sur route bidirectionnelle, bien que située entre deux tronçons déjà à caractère de route express ?

• Le système actuel de numérotation a-t-il toujours été en vigueur depuis la création des autoroutes ?
  • Eh bien, non !
  • En effet, lors des premières tentatives de numérotation des échangeurs, chaque tronçon d'autoroute portait sa propre numérotation (de 1 à n). A partir de 1996, un vaste mouvement de renumérotation des échangeurs a touché l'ensemble des autoroutes de France. Pourtant, à l'heure actuelle, on voit que chaque tronçon du périphérique lillois avec les D710/A22/N356/A25 ou lyonnais avec les TEO/N383/A7/A6 porte sa propre numérotation ; tout comme l'A10.

• Comment les nouveaux diffuseurs sont-ils numérotés en France ?
  • Deux cas se présentent :
    • Si on a prévu de numéroter le futur échangeur, on lui donne le numéro "intercalaire" ;
    • Si rien n'a été prévu, on prend le numéro de l'échangeur qui précède auquel on rajoute un chiffre. L'A36 est vraiment un cas d'école car elle a été renumérotée au milieu des années 1990 sans que l'on prévoie les numéros des futurs échangeurs (pourtant prévus dès l'origine), d'où les sorties actuelles 2-1, 4-1, 6-1 ou 14-1, et la nécessité de revoir périodiquement la numérotation de l'ensemble... C'est ce qui s'est fait sur l'A63 (l'échangeur 6.1 est devenu échangeur 7, échangeur 7 > échangeur 8, etc.).

• Comment les échangeurs autoroutiers (bifurcations et croix autoroutières) sont-ils désignés en France ?
  • Les échangeurs autoroutiers possèdent leur propre système.

• Quels sont les échangeurs les plus complexes ?
  • Échangeur du Palays : un plat de nouilles ?
  • Porte de Bercy : le résultat d'une expérience d'hybridation entre un rond point à 3 niveaux et un échangeur turbine.
  • Porte de Bagnolet : au départ un simple T entre le périphérique et l'A3, mais c'était sans compter les connexions avec la voirie environnante et l'implantation d'un centre commercial et d'une gare routière au milieu de l'échangeur.
  • Échangeur de Vaucresson : croix autoroutière complète et presque entièrement souterraine entre l'A13 et l'A86 intégrant un diffuseur local, avec une emprise au sol assez réduite.

• Quelles sont les autoroutes dont la numérotation des échangeurs est "bizarre" ?
  • L'A29 présente une discontinuité de numérotation de part et d'autre d'Amiens (voir ci-dessous).
  • L'A35 et l'A41 présentent la particularité d'avoir une numérotation décroissante puis croissante, quel que soit le sens de parcours.
  • Les échangeurs de l'A711 sont numérotés 1.1 à 1.4 !

• Pourquoi certaines autoroutes démarrent-elles avec des échangeurs numérotés au-dessus de 1 ?
  • Il existe 4 raisons :
  • Soit l'autoroute n'a jamais été construite comme le projet initialement prévu (cf. A5 et A16 qui débutent toutes les deux à l'échangeur 10).
  • Soit l'autoroute se trouve dans la continuité d'une voie express dont ses échangeurs ont été numérotés (cf. l'A34 qui commence à l'échangeur 4, les 3 premiers numéros sont attribués à une voie express).
  • Soit l'autoroute a été numérotée dans la continuité d'une autre autoroute (cf. A77 qui est numérotée dans la continuité de A6).
  • Soit le début de l'autoroute a été intégré à une autre autoroute (cf. l'A72 qui commence à l'échangeur 6 car la section initiale entre les Martres-d'Artières et Nervieux a été intégrée à l'A89, les échangeurs 1 à 5 ont été en conséquence renumérotés 28 à 32).

• Pourquoi l'A8 ne possède-t-elle pas les échangeurs n° 43 et n° 45 ?
  • Tout simplement, les projets des diffuseurs 43 (Vallauris) et 45 (Biot) n'ont pas encore été réalisés. A contrario, longtemps laissé en suspens, l'échangeur de Niort-Est sur l'A10 porte désormais le n° 32.

• Pourquoi l'A11 ne possède-t-elle pas d'échangeur n° 21 ?
  • Pas de réponse. Il ne semble pas qu'il existe un projet d'échangeur entre les échangeurs 20 (Ancenis) et 22 (Carquefou).

• Pourquoi la numérotation des échangeurs du périphérique nantais démarre-t-elle à l'ouest ?
  • La numérotation commence en un point symbolique du périphérique : le pont de Cheviré. Ce point de référence est aussi valable que le choix d'un quelconque échangeur. Elle démarre à 30 (échangeur de Trentemoult) pour grimper jusqu'à 52 (route de Pornic). Pas de réponse quant au fait que la numérotation commence à 30.

• Pourquoi la numérotation des échangeurs de la rocade d'Amiens et de l'A29 entre Amiens et Saint-Quentin semble-t-elle être déconnectée du reste du réseau ?
  • On rappelle qu'à Amiens, l'A16 porte les numéros 18 à 20, mais le reste du périph porte les n° 31 à 40. Il est également surprenant de voir que l'A29 à l'ouest d'Amiens porte les n° 1 à 13, puis sur le périphérique d'Amiens les n° 31 à 33 et à l'est d'Amiens ça saute à 51. Pas de réponse.

• Pourquoi la sortie "Fontainebleau - vers N7" sur l'A6 n'est-elle pas numérotée ?
  • Il s'agit cependant d'un demi-échangeur. Pourquoi ne pas le nommer échangeur 12.1 ?
  • Pas de réponse...
  • Même questionnement pour les diffuseurs :
    • A104 (Francilienne) - RN34 → Lagny-sur-Marne.
    • A6 - RN104 (Francilienne) vers l'Ouest et l'Est.

• Le secret du Triangle de Rocquencourt.
  • Un monument, le signal des Trois-Provinces, devait dominer l'échangeur du Triangle de Rocquencourt.
  • Or, toute la partie inférieure jusqu'au niveau des voies de l'A13 a été réalisée et il ne manque plus que le "signal".
  • Le seul moyen pour y accéder est un chemin par le sud en lisière de la Forêt de Marly passant sous les voies de l'A12 (juste au début de la séparation des voies). Ce chemin relie Rocquencourt à Bailly en passant derrière l'INRIA (Domaine de Voluceau) à Rocquencourt. Ensuite, une fois à "l'intérieur" du triangle, il faut encore parcourir 300 à 400 mètres à travers les arbres.

Types d'échangeurs

Type d'échangeur	Forme	Exemple
Diffuseur Variante 1 (Aussi appelé "diffuseur en diamant")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.345518,"lon":6.310068,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":16,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 2 (Aussi appelé "diffuseur en diamant")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":47.876375,"lon":7.384958,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 3 (Aussi appelé "diffuseur à lunettes")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":46.957161,"lon":3.172796,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 4 (Aussi appelé "demi-trèfle")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.7013,"lon":2.192824,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 5 (Aussi appelé "giratoire dénivelé à deux niveau")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":46.280248,"lon":4.794095,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":16,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 6 (Aussi appelé "giratoire dénivelé à deux niveaux")		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.62587,"lon":2.340693,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Diffuseur Variante 7		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.67588,"lon":2.193393,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":16,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type Indonésien		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":50.544765,"lon":3.055819,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":16,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type Trompette Variante 1		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":44.866014,"lon":-0.651584,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type Trompette Variante 2		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":49.434561,"lon":8.407437,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type Trèfle		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":45.702673,"lon":4.96684,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type triangle Variante 1		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.84204,"lon":2.095685,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type triangle Variante 2		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":50.631607,"lon":3.416061,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":13,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 1		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":47.031057,"lon":4.874539,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 2		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.039385,"lon":1.84021,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 3		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":47.289462,"lon":2.043607,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 4		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":43.697759,"lon":-1.229353,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 5		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":48.050316,"lon":0.293369,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Échangeur de type T (ou échangeur boutonnière) Variante 6		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":44.88455,"lon":-0.511873,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Four stacks		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":33.912879,"lon":-118.180017,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Two stacks		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":50.596069,"lon":8.487883,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Giratoire dénivelé à trois niveaux		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":47.494154,"lon":-0.622981,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Tourbillon		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":51.010974,"lon":3.726425,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Moulin à vent		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":51.865415,"lon":4.515982,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Double trompette		Chargement de la carte... {"type":"HYBRID","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"300px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":36.825999,"lon":10.200248,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":15,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","streetview","type","scale"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Inversion type 1
Inversion type 2